A direct current motor ( DC Motor) is a machine that converts direct electrical energy into mechanical energy by varying winding and magnetic field configurations to achieve desired operating characteristics.
There are four major type of DC Motor
- Series DC Motor
- Shunt DC Motor
- Compund DC Motor
- Parmanenet Magnet DC Motor
Classification of DC Motor
Based on types of construction and electrical connections, DC motors can be categorized below:
- Permanent Magnet DC Motor
- Shunt Motor
- Serioes Motor
- Compund Motor
- Short Shunt Motor
- Long Shunt Motor
- Differentially Compound
- Cumulatice compound
Permananetr Magnet DC motor
Permanent Magnet A DC motor uses a strong magnet attached to the yoke to maintain a constant magnetic flux. These are used in automobile starters, wipers, air conditioners, and more. To generate more power, these DC motors frequently use powerful magnets made of rare earth alloys such as neodymium.
Shunt DC Motor
The field is connected to the armature winding in parallel, also known as a shunt. The shunt field can be excited separately from the armature windings, allowing for more precise speed regulation and simple reverse control.
Series DC Motor
A large wire carrying the entire armature current winds the field in a few turns. These are not the best choice for variable-speed applications. This is useful for applications that require large starting loads, such as traction, cranes, and other heavy machinery. These motors generate a lot of starting torque, but their speed cannot be controlled. If they are run without any load, they may sustain damage. A series motor's speed is proportional to its load, so as the total current flowing through the circuit decreases, the speed increases.
Compund DC Motor
These have a shunt field that is evidently excited. A compound DC motor has two sets of field winding on each magnetic pole, one in series and the other to the armature winding. They have a good starting torque but may have issues in variable-speed applications.
Compund DC motors are dividing into two types
- Short Shunt Compund DC Motor
- Long Shunt Compound DC Motor
Short Shunt DC Motor
The shunt field winding is only connected to the armature winding, and too in parallel. The field coil, which is in series, is completely exposed to current before being separated into the armature.
Long Shunt DC Motor
The shunt field winding is connected in parallel with both the series field coil and the armature, which are then connected in series.
Differentially Compound DC Motor
In a DC compounded motor, the shunt field winding is designed to reduce the effect of the main series winding flux.
Cumulative compund DC Motor
The flux produced by the shunt field winding amplifies the effect of the main field flux produced by the series winding.
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